![]() ![]() When there is little applied magnetic force (low H), only a few atoms are in alignment, and the rest are easily aligned with additional force. Notice how the flux density for any of the above materials (cast iron, cast steel, and sheet steel) levels off with increasing amounts of field intensity. This is called the normal magnetization curve, or B-H curve, for any particular material. What we’re trying to do here is show a mathematical relationship between field force and flux for any chunk of a particular substance, in the same spirit as describing a material’s specific resistance in ohm-cmil/ft instead of its actual resistance in ohms. We will use the quantities of field intensity (H) and flux density (B) instead of field force (mmf) and total flux (Φ) so that the shape of our graph remains independent of the physical dimensions of our test material. On the vertical axis, we’ll place the quantity of flux density (B), equal to total flux divided by the cross-sectional area of the material. ![]() We’ll place the quantity of field intensity (H), equal to field force (mmf) divided by the length of the material, on the horizontal axis of the graph. The nonlinearity of material permeability may be graphed for better understanding. ![]()
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